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Cleaned-Up' Mummy Flown Home to Egypt". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. 11 May 1977. p.20. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019 . Retrieved 30 October 2019. CAIRO (AP)—The 3,212-year-old mummy of Pharaoh Ramses II was returned from Paris Tuesday, hopefully cured by radiation of 60 types of fungi and two strains of insects.

Hasel, Michael G (1994). " Israel in the Merneptah Stela". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 296 (296): 45–61. doi: 10.2307/1357179. JSTOR 1357179. S2CID 164052192. Ramesses II is a main character in the fiction book The Heretic Queen by Michelle Moran published in 2008. It is a novel about the love story and beginning years of the marriage of Pharaoh Ramesses and Queen Nefertari, during the time Pharaoh Rameses II is trying to decide who will be queen between his two wives Nefertari and Iset. Nefertari is the daughter and orphan of Queen Mutnodjmet and General Nakhtmin, niece of Queen Nefertiti and Pharaoh Ankhenaten. The book is told from the perspective of Nefertari and is fiction but does deal with many historical events during the beginning of Rameses II reign and many historical people giving readers a view of what life and these historical figures may have been like. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. In the third year of his reign, Ramesses started the most ambitious building project after the pyramids, which were built almost 1,500years earlier. The population was put to work changing the face of Egypt. Ramesses built extensively from the Delta to Nubia, "covering the land with buildings in a way no monarch before him had." [51] Colossal Statue of Ramesses II in the first peristyle court at Luxor Mortuary temple of Ramesses II at Abydos". Archived from the original on 22 December 2008 . Retrieved 28 October 2008.Hawass, Zahi. "The removal of Ramses II Statue". Archived from the original on 12 March 2007 . Retrieved 17 March 2007. The empty victory of Qadesh was followed by a greater achievement, an international peace treaty with the Hittites, a copy of which is now on the wall of the General Assembly building of the United Nations. The treaty covers extradition, arbitration of disputes, and mutual economic aid, a clause which was later honoured by the Egyptians when their old enemies were afflicted with food shortage. In film, Ramesses is played by Yul Brynner in Cecil B. DeMille's classic The Ten Commandments (1956). Here Ramesses is portrayed as a vengeful tyrant as well as the main antagonist of the film, ever scornful of his father's preference for Moses over "the son of [his] body". [99] The animated film The Prince of Egypt (1998) also features a depiction of Ramesses (voiced by Ralph Fiennes, for both the speaking and the singing), portrayed as Moses' adoptive brother, and ultimately as the film's villain with essentially the same motivations as in the earlier 1956 film. Joel Edgerton played Ramesses in the 2014 film Exodus: Gods and Kings. Sérgio Marone plays Ramesses in the 2015–2016 Brazilian telenovela series Os Dez Mandamentos (English: 'Moses and the Ten Commandments'). Ramesses II was born a civilian. His grandfather, Ramesses I, was a civilian military officer during the reign of pharaoh Horemheb, who appointed Ramesses I as his successor. Ramesses was approximately eleven years old at the time of his father's accession. [17] Ramesses II as a child embraced by Hauron ( Egyptian Museum, Cairo)

Gabriel, R. (2002). The Great Armies of Antiquity. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.6. ISBN 9780275978099. Chhem, RK; Schmit, P; Fauré, C (October 2004). "Did Ramesses II really have ankylosing spondylitis? A reappraisal". Can Assoc Radiol J. 55 (4): 211–217. PMID 15362343. Estimates of his age at death vary, though 90 or 91 is considered to be the most likely figure. [13] [14] Upon his death, he was buried in a tomb ( KV7) in the Valley of the Kings; [15] his body was later moved to the Royal Cache, where it was discovered by archaeologists in 1881. Ramesses' mummy is now on display at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization, located in the city of Cairo. [16] Early life a b Anneke Bart. "Temples of Ramesses II". Archived from the original on 28 April 2008 . Retrieved 23 April 2008.The temple complex built by Ramesses II between Qurna and the desert has been known as the Ramesseum since the 19thcentury. The Greek historian Diodorus Siculus marveled at the gigantic temple, now no more than a few ruins. [58] Main article: Egyptian–Hittite peace treaty Tablet of treaty between Ḫattušili III of Hatti and Ramesses II of Egypt, at the İstanbul Archaeology Museums Stephanie Pain. "Ramesses rides again". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 15 August 2014 . Retrieved 13 December 2013.

Kulkarni, P., Ji, Z., Xu, Y., Neskovic, M., & Nolan, K. (2023). Exploring Semantic Perturbations on Grover. arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.00509. Leprohon, Ronald J. (2013). The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary. SBL Press. ISBN 978-1-58983-736-2.

The Egyptian scholar Manetho (third century BC) attributed Ramesses a reign of 66 years and 2 months. [70]

James, T. G. H. 2000. Ramesses II. New York: Friedman/Fairfax Publishers. A large-format volume by the former Keeper of Egyptian Antiquities at the British Museum, filled with colour illustrations of buildings, art, etc. related to Ramesses II Tyldesley, Joyce (26 April 2001). Ramesses: Egypt's Greatest Pharaoh. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 9780141949789 . Retrieved 20 October 2020. Grajetzki, Wolfram (2005). Ancient Egyptian Queens – a hieroglyphic dictionary. London: Golden House Publications. ISBN 978-0-9547218-9-3. Rameses". Webster's New World College Dictionary. Wiley Publishing. 2004. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011 . Retrieved 27 April 2011. Bulletin de l'Académie nationale de médecine". Gallica. 6 January 1987. Archived from the original on 15 July 2018 . Retrieved 15 July 2018.Ramesses is the basis for Percy Bysshe Shelley's poem " Ozymandias". Diodorus Siculus gives an inscription on the base of one of his sculptures as: " King of Kings am I, Osymandias. If anyone would know how great I am and where I lie, let him surpass one of my works." [96] This is paraphrased in Shelley's poem.