The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and p for development of the glyph itself. P values are often interpreted as your risk of rejecting the null hypothesis of your test when the null hypothesis is actually true.

P, p | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary

The fourteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet( Abakada alphabet), called pa and written in the Latin script. No matter what test you use, the p value always describes the same thing: how often you can expect to see a test statistic as extreme or more extreme than the one calculated from your test. P values and statistical significanceObviously, the fate of the null hypothesis depends on α. For instance, if the p-value was 0.03, we would reject the null hypothesis at a significance level of 0.05, but not at a level of 0.01. That's why the significance level should be stated in advance and not adapted conveniently after the p-value has been established! A significance level of 0.05 is the most common value, but there's nothing magical about it. Here, you can see what too strong a faith in the 0.05 threshold can lead to. It's always best to report the p-value, and allow the reader to make their own conclusions.

p tag - W3Schools HTML p tag - W3Schools

P values of statistical tests are usually reported in the results section of a research paper, along with the key information needed for readers to put the p values in context – for example, correlation coefficient in a linear regression, or the average difference between treatment groups in a t-test. Example: Reporting the resultsIn our comparison of mouse diet A and mouse diet B, we found that the lifespan on diet A ( M = 2.1 years; SD = 0.12) was significantly shorter than the lifespan on diet B ( M = 2.6 years; SD = 0.1), with an average difference of 6 months ( t(80) = -12.75; p < 0.01). Caution when using p values

Latin-script letters ) karfeeje; ', A a, B b, Mb mb, Ɓ ɓ, C c, D d, Nd nd, Ɗ ɗ, E e, F f, G g, Ng ng, Ɠ ɠ, H h, I i, J j, Nj nj, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, Ñ ñ, Ɲ ɲ, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Ƴ ƴ You can also find tables for estimating the p value of your test statistic online. These tables show, based on the test statistic and degrees of freedom (number of observations minus number of independent variables) of your test, how frequently you would expect to see that test statistic under the null hypothesis.