For example, one review says, “I honestly haven’t seen any real results with this serum. If anything I feel like I have more wrinkles. I also greatly dislike the smell of it. Serums shouldnt be scented at all. Not worth the price.”

This stress specifically related to sun exposure is photo-ageing, a form of premature ageing that affects every layer of skin.Dermatologists all agree that skin ageing is the combination of both internal and external factors: Although retinol is amazing for some, it can irritate others, so Dr Hextall recommends avoiding retinol eye creams if you have any inflammatory skin issues around the eye area, such as eczema. Vasoconstriction can tighten and firm the skin due to the removal of excess fluids and possible stimulation of the lymphatic drainage system. This effect also aids in reducing the amount of blood that accumulates under the eyes — a major factor that contributes to dark circles. Retinol is one of the best ingredients for improving signs of skin aging, such as reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, minimizing pore size, increasing skin firmness, improving skin tone and texture, and more. After reading about all of the benefits retinol has to offer, you’re probably ready to add this superstar ingredient into your skin care routine. But choosing the right retinol product can be a daunting task.

Furthermore, alcohol disrupts the lipids that make up the stratum corneum (the outermost layer of skin), according to a publication in the journal BBA Biomembranes. These aggressors, which vary from one person to another, stimulate the production of free radicals, responsible for oxidative stress, which causes cell degeneration.Niacinamide is a multi-tasking ingredient that provides many benefits to the skin. For instance, a publication in the Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology states that niacinamide can repair the skin barrier and improve skin moisture, as well as reduce inflammation, blotchiness, hyperpigmentation, acne, and wrinkling. Eye creams often do not specify the percentage of retinol, but the higher the percentage, the greater the potency and the greater potential for irritation," Dr. Yeh explains. "Beginning with lower potency and working your way up is a good way to start." (A lower potency of retinol is generally 0.01% to 0.03%; 2% is on the higher end.) Alcohol can cause excessive skin dryness, which in turn causes the skin to compensate by producing more oil. Over time, this can lead to oily skin and breakouts. La Roche Posay Retinol B3 Pure Retinol Serum contains a high concentration of denatured alcohol, which could lead to skin dryness and irritation