Feu Orange Air freshener, Traffic light, car air freshener, vintage, retro

£9.9
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Feu Orange Air freshener, Traffic light, car air freshener, vintage, retro

Feu Orange Air freshener, Traffic light, car air freshener, vintage, retro

RRP: £99
Price: £9.9
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In the eight months since, courts in at least a dozen states have excused mistakes made by police who initiated stops based on a misunderstanding of what is legal and what is not, according to a canvass of court rulings. Police from California to Kansas to Illinois to New Hampshire proved ignorant of the law on items ranging from tail lights to turn signals to tinted windows to fog lines to U-turns to red lights — only to be rewarded for it, as judges, in the typical scenario, refused to throw out evidence (drugs, most often) seized as a result of the ill-founded stops. In November 2014, an appellate court in San Diego County ruled that police made a mistake of law, so the evidence gathered during the stop should be tossed. But one month later, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down Heien — prompting the appellate court to reconsider. The second time around, the appellate court ruled that the evidence against Campuzano could be used, because the police’s mistake was reasonable. “We do not, and cannot, expect our police officers to be legal scholars,” the court wrote.

Get that old car smell | | Honest John Get that old car smell | | Honest John

Since Heien, some courts have found mistakes of law by police to be so obvious as to be objectively unreasonable. That happened in Iowa, where police proved ignorant of the law on open alcohol containers. That happened in New Jersey, where police proved ignorant of the law on high beams. Here’s a textbook example of a pretextual stop. At about 11 p.m., a Kansas City police officer saw a Chevrolet Malibu leave a “known narcotics house.” So the officer followed. He kept his tail until he saw the Malibu enter an intersection on a yellow light. “The vehicle was pretty much 50/50 on that white line” when the yellow light turned to red, the officer would later testify — and for the officer, 50/50 was good enough. He pulled the car over. After “evidently” getting the driver’s consent to search (“evidently” is the Court of Appeals’ word), the officer found a small glass pipe and a baggie of meth. We’ll never put our work behind a paywall, and we’ll never put a limit on the number of articles you can read. No matter what, you can always turn to The Marshall Project as a source of trustworthy journalism about the criminal justice system.

The case: State of Kansas v. Robert Alan Wilson, decided Jan. 16, 2015, by the Court of Appeals of Kansas We agree that simply entering an intersection on a yellow light is not — in and of itself — a legitimate basis for a traffic stop,” the state Court of Appeals wrote in January. But the court noted that the officer believed the Malibu’s driver could have stopped in time if he had wanted to. So even if the officer was mistaken about the law, his mistake was reasonable. The case: State of Wisconsin v. Richard Houghton Jr., decided July 14, 2015, by the Wisconsin Supreme Court But now police and prosecutors everywhere have a new argument to make, no matter the nature of their screw-up. In many cases, courts were already excusing mistakes of fact. In June, an appeals court in Minnesota excused a sheriff’s deputy who said a driver didn’t signal a lane change, when, the deputy’s dash-cam showed, the driver did. That same month, an appeals court in Wisconsin excused a sheriff’s deputy who stopped what he thought was a Pontiac Sunfire because the plates were registered to a Chevrolet Cavalier; it turned out, the car he pulled over was a Cavalier.

How the Supreme Court Made It Legal for Cops to Pull You Over How the Supreme Court Made It Legal for Cops to Pull You Over

The Indiana Court of Appeals went down the same road. Before Heien, it reversed a marijuana conviction because police misread the law on taillights when stopping the defendant; after Heien, the court reconsidered and reinstated the conviction. Looks the part for my classic vehicle, but unfortunately, because of the age of the product the smell has all but gone. I can remember the original fragrance of these, and they were really strong Legal principles can be complicated, but in most courts, until eight months ago, there was a pretty simple one: Ignorance of the law is no excuse. Then came Heien v. North Carolina, decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in December. Now the principle is: Ignorance of the law is no excuse — unless you’re the cop enforcing the law, in which case it is, or at least can be, depending upon whether your ignorance is reasonable or not, to be determined upon later review. When a couple of San Diego police officers stopped Felipe Campuzano, he was straddling a bicycle on a sidewalk, “operating it at a ‘very slow, walking speed’ alongside of a female companion who was walking,” a court would later write. The basis for the stop — which yielded a charge of being under the influence of a controlled substance — was a municipal code that prohibits riding a bike on a sidewalk “fronting any commercial business.” The law’s purpose is to protect people from being hit by a bicyclist upon walking into or leaving a store. But in this case, there was no store, at least none with people. There was only a former auto-repair shop, now shuttered, surrounded by a weed-choked chain-link fence.

This is an original Feu Orange with original pearcing pin I found in my Dads car spares. It has a few cosmetic marks on the outer case but has its original contents and is ideal for classic cars to hang from the rear view mirror. This is not a replica, its a genuine original Will be sent via courier free delivery to UK mainland One of my family members has recently restored a classic car. This is a perfect finishing touch to have in the interior. Looks good, but I recommend a modern air freshener hidden somewhere, just hang this from the mirror The Marshall Project is a nonprofit newsroom covering the U.S. criminal justice system. Sign up for our newsletters to receive all of our stories and analysis. The basis for the stop was a ball-type trailer hitch. That hitch, the officers said, obscured their view of the rear license plate, in violation of the Illinois Vehicle Code. But the statute they cited says nothing of trailer hitches, and state legislators made no mention of hitches when passing the law. The statute requires keeping the license plate “free from” materials that obstruct visibility, “including, but not limited to, glass covers and plastic covers.” Eyeballing a photo of the car’s rear, the trial judge questioned just how much the hitch actually shielded: “The only thing it’s obstructing is the little thing at the bottom that says Land of Lincoln or whatever,” the judge said. More important, the Illinois Supreme Court concluded that the statute applied only to objects “physically connected” to the plate, an interpretation that excludes the trailer hitch.

Feu Orange Air freshener, Traffic light, car air freshener

But in at least two other air-freshener cases decided in the last eight months — one out of Kansas City, the other, Las Vegas — courts in those jurisdictions refused to forgive police for mistakenly believing that every dangling pine tree runs afoul of the law, saying the officers’ ignorance was unreasonable. And if you’re wondering why some police seem so keen to stop cars with pine trees, the Kansas City case offers a clue: An officer testified that in his experience, people often use fresheners to mask the smell of drugs. Traffic stops based on hanging air fresheners have occurred in lots of states, despite the incredible sweep implicit in such a broad interpretation of the laws on driver visibility. “There must be a zillion cars driving around with air fresheners,” one judge said. In an air-freshener case decided by the Vermont Supreme Court in March, justices noted the absurdity of the state’s position that all hanging items, not just air fresheners, violate the law. Were that true, the court wrote, people could be pulled over for “spherical crystals, parking placards, medical-alert cards, dog tags, beads, crosses, crucifixes, and, of course, fuzzy dice. … [T]he statute would subject a vast swath of the driving population to police stops without any safety rationale.” Nonetheless, the Vermont Supreme Court forgave the officer’s mistake.The eventual charges: Possession of methamphetamine; possession of a controlled substance without a tax stamp; possession of drug paraphernalia In February, in a case involving a traffic stop over a dangling parking pass, D. Arthur Kelsey, then a judge on Virginia’s Court of Criminal Appeals, wrote: “So dense is the modern web of motor vehicle regulations that every motorist is likely to get caught in it every time he drives to the grocery store.” And now, he wrote, “reasonable suspicion justifying the seizure of citizens will be found even if police officers are mistaken concerning the law as long as their testimony includes magic words such as ‘I thought . . . I believed . . . I mistakenly believed . . . I suspected . . . I mistakenly suspected . . .’ or as in this case, the officer just doesn't really know one way or the other.”



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